Granular sucralose

ABSTRACT

Granular sucralose-containing particles are produced by the methods of the invention, which involve coating sucralose from solution to form granules with this coated sucralose on an outer region thereof. The granules may incorporate agglomerated sucralose particles, with the solution-coated sucralose adding mass and generally resulting in a granule having a relatively smoothed and rounded. The granules have good flow properties, are low dusting, and resist caking. Methods of making the granules involve spraying an aqueous sucralose solution onto a fluidized bed of sucralose particles, followed by drying to form the granules.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

High-intensity sweeteners can provide the sweetness of sugar, withvarious taste qualities. Because they are many times sweeter than sugar,however, much less of the sweetener is required to replace the sugar.High-intensity sweeteners have a wide range of chemically distinctstructures and hence possess varying properties.

In order for a high-intensity sweetener to be conveniently used for dryblending and tableting, several criteria should be met. These includegood flow properties, little dust formation during processing, absenceof static electric problems, and good mechanical strength.

Sucralose(1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside)is a high-intensity sweetener made by the selective chlorination ofsucrose. Sucralose is a white, crystalline, nonhygroscopic powder in itspure form. It is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol and hasa negligible effect on the pH of solutions. Sucralose is frequently soldin the form of needle-like crystals resulting from the finalpurification of the product after synthesis, or in the form of“micronized” product produced by milling the crystalline form.

Commercially available sucralose in either of these forms, by virtue ofbeing a particulate solid, may be subject to some of the inconveniencescommonly encountered in handling any particulate material, includingflow and dusting issues. Thus, advances in these areas would be of valuein commercial applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the invention provides granules comprising sucralose,each of said granules having an outer surface region thereof comprisingsolution-coated sucralose.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of preparing granulescomprising sucralose. The method includes:

a) fluidizing starting particles comprising sucralose and having a d₅₀value between 5 and 200 μm on a fluidized bed; and

b) applying to the starting particles an aqueous particle growth mixturecomprising dissolved sucralose to produce wet particles comprising solidsucralose with a layer of aqueous sucralose thereon, whilesimultaneously drying the wet particles.

Steps a) and b) are repeated as required such that between 5 and 100% ofa total weight of sucralose in the granules is provided by the aqueousparticle growth mixture.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 a and 1 b are photomicrographs of prior art sucralose crystals.

FIGS. 2 a and 2 b are photomicrographs of exemplary sucralose granulesof this invention.

FIGS. 3 a and 3 b are photomicrographs of additional exemplary sucralosegranules of this invention.

FIGS. 4 a and 4 b are photomicrographs of further examples of sucralosegranules of this invention.

FIGS. 5 a and 5 b are photomicrographs of yet further examples ofsucralose granules of this invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses sucralose-containing granules, andprocesses for making such granules. The term “granules” as used hereinmeans particles that have been formed by a solution coating process. Inthis process, a sucralose solution is coated onto smaller particles andthe solvent is evaporated to provide an outer surface region containingthe sucralose. This process typically results in granules having asurface that is smoother and rounder than that provided when sucraloseis recrystallized for purposes of purification, such as during theproduction of neat sucralose. Agglomeration of smaller particles mayalso occur, with the solution-coated sucralose binding them together.The granules typically have good flow properties, low dusting tendency,good mechanical strength, little tendency to generate static electriccharge, and acceptable storage stability. The granules typically contain(other than incorporated moisture) at least 90 wt % sucralose, moretypically at least 98 wt %, and most typically at least 99.9 wt %.

Sucralose granules according to the invention may be of any size.Typically they will have a d₅₀ between 100 and 1000 μm in size, asdetermined by screening, where d₅₀ is the median granule size. Moretypically, the granules are within a more tightly controlled specificrange whose limits depend upon the particular application for which thesucralose is intended. Granules having a d₅₀ of 100-300 μm may beparticularly useful for dry mix applications, while those with a d₅₀ of300-1000 μm may be more suitable for tableting applications. In oneembodiment of the invention, the granules have a d₅₀ between 400 and 800μm in size, and are especially useful in tableting applications.Sucralose granules according to the invention are typically such that atleast 99 wt % of them cannot pass through a 25-μm screen. The applicantshave found that product meeting this requirement produces very littledust during handling.

Granulated sucralose made according to the invention is typically of arelatively narrow particle size distribution, consisting largely ofrelatively large particles and very little fines or dust, with theparticles having a relatively low length to diameter (L/D) ratio. Theportion of the granules of size greater than 25 μm generally have an L/Dratio of less than 2.0, typically less than 1.70, and more typicallyless than 1.50 on a number average basis, as indicted by inspectionunder an optical microscope. As used herein, the granule length is takenas the length of the longest dimension of the granule, and the diameteris the greatest width measurable at right angles to the longestdimension as viewed under the microscope. At least partially as a resultof the size and shape characteristics of the granules of this invention,the product tends to be very free-flowing, usually better in this regardthan typical crystalline sucralose or micronized sucralose, whichadditionally have the problem of tending to cake during storage.

The granulated sucralose particles of this invention tend to be round orbead-like in shape and, as such, tend to minimize the dusting andclumping problems associated with conventional micronized product. Thesucralose compositions of this invention typically exhibit excellentflow properties.

Typically, the granules of this invention have a bulk density between400 and 900 g/L, more typically between 600 and 850 g/L. Typically,sucralose granules according to the invention have a moisture contentbetween 0.05 and 1.0 wt %, more typically between 0.1 and 0.5 wt %. Onenotable characteristic of the granules is that, even at moisturecontents as high as 0.5% wt %, they resist caking during storage andexhibit good flow properties. For example, typical sucralose granules ofthis invention have an angle of repose between 200 and 500, moretypically between 25° and 35°, indicating very good flowcharacteristics, when measured by the method used by Sankey, U.S. Pat.No. 5,932,720. Similarly, high Flow Rate Index numbers are typicallyobtained with the sucralose granules of this invention, as detailedbelow in the Examples section. The coefficient of variation of thegranule size of the inventive sucralose granules is typically less than35%, indicating that the particles are of relatively uniform size. Forpurposes of this invention, coefficient of variation is as defined inthe above-mentioned Sankey patent. A low coefficient of variation mayhelp provide good flow properties. It will be appreciated by those ofordinary skill in the art that good flow properties and resistance tocaking are of major advantage in handling any dry material, such assolid sucralose.

The granules produced by the methods of the invention may be essentiallysolid, by which it is meant that they have few or no hollows or voids inthem. Such particles tend to form when a significant amount of thesucralose mass in the particle is provided by particle growth mixturecontaining dissolved sucralose, as will be described in detail below.Alternatively, the particles may have a rather open structurerepresenting what appears to be an assembly of smaller particles bondedtogether at the contact points by sucralose from the growth mixture.Such particles tend to form when the amount of sucralose added from thegrowth mixture is relatively small, so that the sucralose producesbridges between the smaller particles but does not fill in all of theinterstitial spaces between them. Particles with such an open structureare generally of lower bulk density than those that are essentiallysolid. In either case, the mechanical strength of the product has beenfound to be very good, as evidenced by the relative absence of dust dueto particle breakage. Mechanical strength of a particle is meant todescribe the ability of the particle to retain its form while it ismixed and handled, for example in a packaging process. A particularlydesirable feature for a high-intensity sweetener such as sucralose isthe ability to retain good mixing and handling capabilities so as toavoid breaking apart and losing its form and effectiveness. The granularsucralose of the invention has good mechanical strength, one beneficialresult of which is that there is relatively little breakage andconsequent formation of fines during handling, the presence of which cancause uneven sucralose distribution in formulations containing theproduct.

Due to the high solubility of sucralose in water, even large granulesdissolve rapidly with mild stirring at room temperature, and those withthe relatively open structure described above tend to dissolve even morerapidly than solid particles of the same size. This property isimportant to many manufacturers of both dry powder mixes as well asliquid applications. For example, the carbonated soft drink industrycurrently packages dry agglomerated aspartame, another high-intensitysweetener, in high-speed form-fill-seal packaging lines for use in dietsoft drink manufacture. Larger particles allow the product to bepackaged at higher line speeds, but larger particles are more difficultfor the end user to dissolve, and thus the poor dissolution propertiesof aspartame limit its maximum particle size to around 400 μm, thuslimiting packaging line speed. Larger, rapidly dissolving particles ofsweetener may therefore offer a significant operational benefit toprimary purchasers of sucralose. In some embodiments of the invention,the sucralose-containing granules have a d₅₀ value between 800 and 2000μm, and are especially suitable for packaging. In other embodiments,particles having a d₅₀ value between 100 and 300 μm, or between 400 and800 μm, are preferable for certain applications. All of these may beprepared by the methods of this invention.

Sucralose

Sucralose suitable for use in making the granulated product of thisinvention may be obtained by any means known in the chemical art, and isnot restricted to any particular synthesis method. Exemplary proceduresare set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,362,869; 4,380,476; 4,801,700;4,950,746; 5,470,969; and 5,498,709; all of which are incorporatedherein by reference. In all of these procedures, a final step in thesynthesis of sucralose requires a deacylation followed by acrystallization of the sucralose. Typically, after completion ofdeacylation, the resulting crude sucralose is worked up with apreliminary purification and then crystallized. The crystals that areformed are separated from the mother liquor by centrifugation to form a“wet cake”, which typically has a moisture content of about 3-5 wt %.The wet cake is typically then dried to a moisture content less thanabout 0.1 wt %. The resulting product, referred to herein as “neat”sucralose, has a needle-shaped or otherwise elongated crystalline form,such as seen in FIG. 1, often with significant amounts of fineparticulate matter due to breakage of the crystals.

Granulation of Sucralose

Granulated sucralose according to some embodiments of the invention maybe produced by fluidizing a charge of starting sucralose particles, forexample neat sucralose or micronized sucralose, on a fluid bedagglomerator such as a GPCG-60 unit (available from Glatt AirTechniques, Inc. of Ramsey, N.J.), and spraying an aqueous solution ofsucralose, referred to herein as a “particle growth mixture,” on thefluid bed to agglomerate and/or coat the sucralose particles whileadding sucralose mass to them. Thus, by applying to the startingparticles an aqueous sucralose solution and then drying the particles,this embodiment of the invention differs from processes in which crystalreshaping or redefinition is the main mode of action, and also differsfrom those in which agglomeration may occur but without addition ofsucralose mass. The solids component of the growth mixture typicallycontains at least 90 wt % sucralose, more typically at least 98 wt %,and most typically at least 99.9 wt %. Typically, the only ingredientsof the growth mixture are water and sucralose.

The amount of this aqueous particle growth mixture may be varied tochange the bulk density and average particle size of the granularproduct. For example, increasing the amount and/or concentration of theparticle growth mixture applied to the starting particles tends to givea higher bulk density and a larger average particle. In general,temperatures should be kept low to protect the sucralose from chemicaldegradation. The GPCG-60 fluid bed unit may be operated in normal fluidbed agglomeration and/or coating mode (top spray or bottom spray) or inWurster coating mode.

Typically, the particle growth mixture will contain a concentration ofbetween 0.1 and 65 wt % of dissolved sucralose, more typically between 5and 65 wt %, and most typically between 20 and 55 wt %. In someembodiments, a solution of about 25 wt % of sucralose in water is used.In other embodiments, an approximately 50% sucralose solution, heated toabout 140° F. (60° C.) to keep the sucralose dissolved, may also be usedto agglomerate and/or coat neat sucralose. Use of such highconcentrations may be beneficial in that they reduce the amount of waterthat must be removed in order to provide dry product. The 50% sucralosesolution may also rapidly produce crystalline sucralose as it cools onthe surface of the sprayed particles. In some embodiments of theinvention, essentially all of the sucralose in the syrup is dissolved.In other embodiments, a combination of dissolved and undissolvedsucralose may be used.

The granulation process may be either batch or continuous, and varioustypes of commercially available equipment may be used to prepare theproduct. These include, as nonlimiting examples, Littleford mixers andpan agglomerators. In some embodiments, a continuous moving bedfluidizer is used, an exemplary model being the Glatt model GFG 20. Ithas been found that if high temperatures occur in the granulationprocess, the storage stability of the product tends to be compromised,and therefore the granulation process is typically run at a temperaturebetween 15 and 40° C.

In one embodiment of the invention, the method involves fluidizingstarting particles comprising sucralose and having a d₅₀ value between 5and 200 μm on a fluidized bed, and applying to the starting particles anaqueous particle growth mixture. More typically, the starting particleswill have a d₅₀ value between 5 and 100 μm. The mixture containsdissolved sucralose, and typically essentially all of the sucralose inthe mixture is in fact dissolved. However, the mixture may optionallyalso contain undissolved sucralose. The mixture wets the startingparticles, and the wetted particles are simultaneously dried by anupward current of air (or other gas) flowing in a volume sufficient tofluidize the mass. This results in deposition of solid sucralose ontothe particles as the particle growth mixture dries. It will beappreciated that the application of the particle growth mixture, whichis typically performed by spraying, occurs while drying takes place, andtherefore the particles may become wetted and dried numerous timesduring the process, which may be a batch, continuous, or semi-batchprocess. Some or all of the particles may dry only partially before theyare coated with more particle growth mixture, or some or all of them maydry to the point of being liquid-free during the process. Regardless,the particle size builds up. The increase in particle size may bepartially due to agglomeration of the starting particles, but theinventors have found that mere agglomeration (such as might be obtainedby spraying only with water, as opposed to an aqueous mixture containingsucralose) does not give both the low L/D ratio and the low angle ofrepose and low coefficient of variation provided by the invention.Rather, an important aspect of the methods of this invention is thatthey involve application of a sucralose solution to the particles, anddeposition of sucralose from that solution to grow the particles.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory or explanation, theinventors currently believe that sucralose from this mixturecrystallizes rapidly upon application to the surface of the particlesunder the drying conditions of a fluidized bed, and that the sucralosethereby laid down on any agglomerates that may be present acts to fillin gaps and holes in the agglomerate. The agglomeration process may berun so that agglomeration occurs early in the process, followed bycoating of the agglomerate. Whatever the mechanism, the result is thatthere is very little dusting in the product, perhaps due to increasedmechanical integrity in the granules. Thus, typically between 5 and 100%of the total weight of sucralose in the granules is provided by theaqueous particle growth mixture, with the remainder being provided bythe starting sucralose particles. The proportion of sucralose soprovided is typically between 25 and 50 wt % for agglomerated sucralose,and between 25 and 100% for spray granulated sucralose. It will beappreciated by the person of skill in the art that the distinctionbetween agglomeration and coating is somewhat arbitrary when bothinvolve the addition of sucralose from solution, with subsequent dryingto form the particles. At the start, the granules may each comprise aplurality of starting sucralose particles agglomerated together andhaving on their surface a layer of deposited sucralose, wherein thelayer of deposited sucralose bridges the starting sucralose particles toadhere them together, thereby forming the granules. This structure maybe rather porous, and may be collected as the final product. Such aproduct will have a relatively low density. One example of such aproduct is shown in FIGS. 5 a and 5 b.

At some point, if more growth mixture continues to be added, sucralosefrom solution fills in the interstices to a significant extent andbegins to cover the outside of the agglomerate, and the particle beginsto closely resemble one that has been grown solely by coating a singlesmall, solid particle. The proportion of sucralose in the granularproduct that is contributed by the growth mixture can be varied byvarying the size of the starting particles and the amount and/orconcentration of the particle growth mixture added. Larger amountsand/or concentrations of particle growth mixture result in increasingpercentages of sucralose in the granules being contributed by thissource.

The starting particles may be of any size and shape, and may be fed to abatch process. Such a method may produce either agglomerated particleswith interstitial openings, or essentially solid particles.Alternatively, the starting particles may be fed to a continuous processthroughout its operation, or only at the beginning. In the latterembodiment, once the system has been running for a period of time, allof the sucralose granules exiting the process will contain onlysucralose that originated from the particle growth mixture, without anycomponent of sucralose that was fed as a solid to the fluidized bed.Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, the sucralose in thegranules is at least 90 wt % derived from the particle growth mixture,and typically the figure is 99-100 wt %.

EXAMPLES

General Procedures

Particle size measurements were determined using an oscillating particlesize table. The oscillations were set at 20-second intervals for 3minutes with an amplitude of 75. Different screen sizes were chosenbased on the desired particle size of the product. The screens wereplaced on a pan to collect the fines. The top of the particle size tablewas fastened on to the screen stack and the oscillations were started.After 3 minutes, the screens were removed and weighed to determinepercent of product on designated screen. The results were then recordedas a percentage of total weight loaded on to screens.

Moisture determination was performed on a Sartorius moisture balance.First, the weigh pan was tared and approximately 2 grams of material wasspread evenly over the balance pan. The sample was then heated up to atemperature of 80° C. After 10 minutes, the loss on drying wasdetermined and the percent moisture based on initial weight wasdisplayed. The results were recorded as percent of as-is sample.

Loose bulk density measurements were performed using a typical funneland cup method, such as is well known in the art. The sample cup wastared, and the sucralose sample was added to the hopper until it wasfull. The tared sample cup was placed under the hopper and the hopperwas unloaded into the sample cup. Using a long blade scraper, the excesssample was scraped off the top of the sample cup. Care was taken not toshake or tap the sample cup so that there was minimal packing. The fullsample cup was then weighed to determine the loose bulk density of theproduct. The results were recorded as grams per cubic centimeter.

A 20-gram portion of each sample of granular sucralose was placed in an8-oz bottle and sealed for testing. Also, five 4-oz Whirl-Pak® bags(available from Nasco of Modesto, California) were labeled for eachsample and filled with 25 grams of neat product. Each of the five filled4-oz Whirl-Pak bags for each sample was then sealed and placed into aseparate 16-oz Whirl-Pak bag. The 16-oz bags were then sealed. Once allbags were prepared they were hung in a convection oven set at 50° C.

The samples were then monitored over a five-day period for changes in pHand appearance. On day zero, the contents of each 8-oz bottle weretested for these parameters and the results recorded. At 24 hours, andfor each 24-hour period thereafter for the next 5 days, one bag fromeach sample was removed from the 50° C. oven and allowed to cool for 2hours. At the end of the 2-hour period, the samples were moved into an8-oz wide-mouth bottle and sealed. Each of these sample was thendissolved to a 10 wt % concentration in water that had been adjusted tohave a pH between 5.8 and 6.2. The pH of the resulting solution wasmeasured, with a drop in pH greater than 1.0 pH unit indicating failureof the stability test.

The flow properties of selected samples were investigated using JohansonIndicizers, available from Johanson Innovations of San Luis Obispo,Calif.

Example 1

Spray granulation of sucralose was performed according to the inventionon a Glatt GFG-20 pilot scale continuous fluid bed unit, available fromGlatt Air Techniques, Inc. of Ramsey, N.J. The unit was equipped with aninternal filter system. An electric heater and a primary air valvesystem were used for inlet air conditioning of the four fluid bedsections. The filter cartridges were cleaned by compressed air pressureshocks. The equilibrium of feed and product output was controlled by anrotary valve at the end of the discharge device. The liquid formulationwas atomized by compressed air using two fluid nozzles. The metering ofthe spraying liquid of the three separate nozzles was realized usingthree peristaltic pumps. The run was started with about 20 kg ofstarting material, which consisted of neat sucralose and/or granularproduct from earlier runs. After a short period of batch processing, thespraying of aqueous growth mixture and the continuous output of productwere started, without the addition of any solid sucralose. The spraysolution consisted of an aqueous solution comprising 25% by weightdissolved sucralose, maintained at about 25° C., sprayed from the bottomusing a steel air cap. The spray rate was between 20 and 24 kg/h, usingan atomization air pressure of 2.3-1.5 bar at an atomization airtemperature of 20° C. The results are given in Table 1, where the Timeis time of day and the moisture content is of the product exiting theend of the continuous unit. Note the change in sieving conditionsbetween the first and second parts of the table, made necessary by theincrease in granule size as the run continued. TABLE 1 Time 9:45 10:4511:30 13:00 13:55 15:00U Moisture 0.38 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.26 Content(%) Loose Bulk 844 845 850 824 818 835 Density (g/L) On 400 μm 0.1 0.10.1 1.1 3.4 16.7 screen (%) On 315 μm 0.7 0.4 0.7 4.4 11.3 21.2 screen(%) On 250 μm 2 2.2 2.8 11.4 19.4 32.8 screen (%) On 200 μm 10.4 12.814.1 25.7 36.2 22 screen (%) On 160 μm 24.3 38.7 35 34.9 20 4.2 screen(%) On 100 μm 43.3 35.6 32.2 17.8 7.9 2 screen (%) On 63 μm 16.9 10.214.2 3.7 2 1.1 screen (%) Thru 63 μm 1.2 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.1 screen (%)Time 15:00S 16:00 17:00 17:50S 17:50U Moisture Content (%) 0.19 0.280.16 0.2 0.36 Loose Bulk Density (g/L) 847 841 851 854 858 On 630 μmscreen (%) 6.7 14.9 16.5 21.7 30.2 On 500 μm screen (%) 16.5 29.6 48 5346.8 On 400 μm screen (%) 28.9 45.4 29.6 18.7 16.6 On 315 μm screen (%)29.7 9 5.4 4.9 4.8 On 250 μm screen (%) 10.2 1.6 0.8 1.2 1.2 On 200 μmscreen (%) 5.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 On 100 μm screen (%) 2.5 0.1 0 0 0 Thru100 μm screen (%) 0.1 0.1 0 0 0S = Screened,U = Unscreened

The results shown in Table 1 indicate that it is possible to producegranule sizes varying over a considerable range, using spray granulationmethods according to the invention. The product had noticeably betterflow properties and less dusting than the neat feed material.

Example 2

Spray agglomeration of neat sucralose was performed on a Glatt GPCG-60batch particle coater, using an 18″ Wurster insert available from Glatt,using the process conditions shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 Wt. Inlet FinalSucralose Process Final Total Air Bowl Batch Soln./ Spray Air AtomizerBulk Process Temp Charge Wt. conc. Rate Volume Press. Dens. Time Run (°C.) (kg) (kg) (kg/%) (g/min) (cfm) (bar) (g/cc) (min) 7 60-91 20.0 55.0100.0/35 300-900 900 2.0-2.5 0.84 179 8 50-91 20.0 70.0 143.0/35 350-900900 2.0-2.5 0.88 196 9 60-99 20.0 70.0 143.0/35  500-1000 900 2.0-2.20.80 155

The results of these runs are shown below in Table 3. TABLE 3 GranuleSize in μm, % of Total Run >420 300-420 250-300 177-250 149-177 100-14974-100 <74 7 1.3 1.0 9.0 36.2 28.9 21.6 2.6 0.4 8 0.2 0.3 1.9 13.7 23.048.8 11.6 0.4 9 0.1 0.3 0.8 6.8 17.2 61.6 10.4 2.9

Example 3

Spray agglomeration of neat sucralose was performed on a Glatt GPCG-60batch particle coater, using a top spray without a Wurster insert, usingthe process conditions shown in Table 4. TABLE 4 Wt. Inlet FinalSucralose Process Final Total Air Bowl Batch Soln./ Spray Air AtomizerBulk Process Temp Charge Wt. conc. Rate Volume Press. Dens. Time Run (°C.) (kg) (kg) (kg/%) (g/min) (cfm) (bar) (g/cc) (min) 10 60-86 100 144120.0/35 1500-2500 1800 2.5 N/A 68 11 80-93 42 142 250.0/40 1500-22501800 2.5 0.64 123 down to 2.0 12 70-90 40 140 250.0/40 1500-2100 18004.0 0.74 120 13 70-83 40 140 250.0/40 1500-1900 1800 2.0 0.81 138 for 1h, then 4.0

The results of these runs are shown below in Table 5. TABLE 5 GranuleSize in μm, % of Total Run >420 300-420 250-300 177-250 149-177 100-14974-100 <74 10 Unable to Complete Run 11 0.9 0.8 4.7 32.7 40.5 10.5 2.37.7 12 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.3 9.3 60.5 22.7 4.0 13 0.4 0.5 3.2 28.7 38.0 22.35.6 1.4

Surface micrographs were taken during processing, and these show theprogression of growth. FIGS. 1 a and 1 b show the Example 2 startingmaterial, which notably contains needles and fines, at differentmagnifications. FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show the final product from run 7 ofExample 2, a Wurster batch run. It is seen that the needles areessentially absent. FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show the granules formed in run 13of Example 3, a top spray batch. These represent agglomerates of thestarting particles, which resembled those of FIG. 1, in which theagglomerates appear to have become coated with sucralose from theparticle growth mixture. The result was granules having a relativelyuniform size and rounded appearance, compared to the starting particles,and a rather smooth appearance due to the formation of a coating ofsucralose on the surface.

Example 4

Agglomeration of neat sucralose was performed using a Glatt GPCG-1lab-scale batch particle coater, using the processing conditions shownin Table 6, where the “solid component added” refers to neat sucralose.The neat sucralose had a d₅₀ value of about 85 μm, and a particle shaperesembling that shown in FIG. 1. The properties of the granularsucralose product are shown in Tables 6 and 7. TABLE 6 Test Test TestTest Test #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 Spray Nozzle Location Bottom Bottom BottomBottom Bottom Solid Component 200 200 200 200 800 Added (g) LiquidComposition (% 50 50 50 50 50 Sucralose) Liquid Component 400 400 400400 1600 Added (g) Moisture Content (%) 0.09 0.2 0.27 0.11 0.11 LooseBulk Density (g/L) 719 671 616 704 679 Par- On 630 μm screen 0 0 0 0ticle (%) Size: On 500 μm screen 0.2 0 0 0.1 (%) On 400 μm screen 0.20.3 0.2 0.3 (%) On 315 μm screen 4.7 10.4 1.4 2.2 (%) On 250 μm screen23 46 1.3 34 (%) On 125 μm screen 66.2 38 73.6 48.8 (%) Thru 125 μm 0.61.4 16.5 14.4 screen (%) Test Test Test Test Test #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 SprayNozzle Location Bottom Bottom Bottom Top Top Solid Component 800 800 400400 200 Added (g) Liquid Composition (% 50 50 35 50 50 Sucralose) LiquidComponent 1600 1600 1142 800 200 Added (g) Moisture Content (%) 0.060.66 0.11 0.68 0.17 Loose Bulk Density (g/L) 621 527 689 516 633 Par- On630 μm screen 0.7 2.6 0.6 1.2 5.7 ticle (%) Size: On 500 μm screen 1 2.30.2 5 2.3 (%) On 400 μm screen 2.2 4.5 0.3 9.5 2.4 (%) On 315 μm screen7.6 13.1 1.7 27.7 7.1 (%) On 250 μm screen 35.2 39 15 29.1 9.4 (%) On125 μm screen 55.8 37.4 76.7 25 56.1 (%) Thru 125 μm 5.1 0.9 5.7 2.112.8 screen (%)

Properties of selected samples from Table 6 are shown in Table 7. TABLE7 Mean Particle Sample Size Identity FRI FDI BDI SBI (μm) test 2 203946.2 48 1.10% 127 test 3 3642 42.7 44.1 1.20% 160 test 8 4191 44.2 45.41.20% 188 test 9 4638 43.2 44.5 1.20% 202 test 7 7241 46.5 47.7 1.30%412FRI—Flow Rate Index - Higher means better flowFDI—Flow Density Index - similar to loose bulk density - lbs/ft³BDI—Bin Density Index - similar to packed bulk density - lbs/ft³SBI—Spring Back Index

By comparison, the flow properties obtained with neat sucralose fromtypical production runs are shown below in Table 8. TABLE 8 MeanParticle Size Sample Identity FRI FDI BDI SBI (μm) Neat 365 47.1 51.81.5% 85

Example 5

Spray granulation of neat sucralose was performed using a Glatt AGT-150lab-scale continuous particle coater, using the processing conditionsshown in Table 9. The properties of the granular sucralose product areshown in Tables 9 and 10. Feed rates of the sucralose solution varied,but were typically at a rate that provided between about 40 and about 60wt % of the sucralose exiting the system when solid sucralose was alsobeing fed, and at a similar rate even when no solid was being addedsimultaneously. TABLE 9 Test Test Test Test Test #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 SprayNozzle Location Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Solid Component Added5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 (g/min) (neat sucralose) Liquid Composition (%50 50 50 50 50 Sucralose) Moisture Content (%) 0.18 0.3 0.29 0.37 0.33Loose Bulk Density (g/L) 631 611 661 730 789 Par- On 630 μm screen 5.44.7 5.5 ticle (%) Size: On 500 μm screen 26.7 27.6 40.5 (%) On 400 μmscreen 38.6 41.6 41 (%) On 315 μm screen 22.7 21.5 11.7 (%) On 250 μmscreen 4.8 3.4 1.3 (%) On 125 μm screen 2.4 1 0.5 (%) Thru 125 μm 1 00.1 screen (%) Test Test Test Test Test #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 Spray NozzleLocation Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Solid Component Added 5-155-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 (g/min) (neat sucralose) Liquid Composition (% 50 5050 50 50 Sucralose) Moisture Content (%) 0.31 0.32 0.18 0.19 0.18 LooseBulk Density (g/L) 806 828 837 851 740 Par- On 630 μm screen 7.9 12.723.8 45.2 ticle (%) Size: On 500 μm screen 52.3 62.8 46.8 44.7 (%) On400 μm screen 32.1 21.1 13.4 9.1 (%) On 315 μm screen 6.5 2.8 4.3 1 (%)On 250 μm screen 1 0.2 2.9 0.1 (%) On 125 μm screen 0.4 0.1 7.2 0.1 (%)Thru 125 μm 0 0.1 1.6 0.3 screen (%) Test Test Test Test Test #11 #12#13 #14 #15 Spray Nozzle Location Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom BottomSolid Component Added none none none none none (g/min) (neat sucralose)Liquid Composition (% 50 50 50 50 50 Sucralose) Moisture Content (%)0.29 0.31 0.38 0.36 0.47 Loose Bulk Density (g/L) 700 689 658 635 621Par- On 630 μm screen 22.3 7.8 2.8 1 2.4 ticle (%) Size: On 500 μmscreen 35.4 16.3 8 8.8 15.2 (%) On 400 μm screen 18.5 17.2 15.5 27.531.8 (%) On 315 μm screen 9.9 20.4 31.2 36 31.5 (%) On 250 μm screen 5.717.5 22.8 14.4 11.9 (%) On 125 μm screen 7.8 19.2 18.1 11.7 6.6 (%) Thru125 μm 0.8 1.3 1.8 0.8 1 screen (%) Test Test #16 #17 Spray NozzleLocation Bottom Bottom Solid Component Added none none (g/min) (neatsucralose) Liquid Composition (% 50 50 Sucralose) Moisture Content (%)0.37 0.29 Loose Bulk Density (g/L) 665 720 Particle On 630 μm screen21.2 10.3 Size: (%) On 500 μm screen 45.6 50.6 (%) On 400 μm screen 24.733.5 (%) On 315 μm screen 6.4 4.4 (%) On 250 μm screen 1.4 0.3 (%) On125 μm screen 0.8 0 (%) Thru 125 μm screen 0.8 0.4 (%)

Properties of selected samples from Table 9 are shown in Table 10. TABLE10 Mean Particle Sample Size Identity FRI FDI BDI SBI (μm) test 4 1023351.6 52.7 1.20% 475 test 6 11072 53.4 54.6 1.30% 573 test 11 9144 48 501.20% 532 test 12 7676 48.3 49.6 1.20% 458 test 13 6970 46.2 47.4 1.10%378 test 14 6586 45.5 46.9 1.20% 354 test 15 7576 45.6 46.8 1.10% 375test 16 9408 44.9 45.8 1.10% 550

As can be seen, product having very good flow properties can be madeaccording to the invention, as indicated by the very high FR1 values.

Example 6

Spray agglomeration and/or granulation of neat sucralose was performedusing a Glatt GFG-20 pilot-scale continuous particle coater, using theprocessing conditions shown in Tables 11 and 12. The run began withabout 15 kg of neat sucralose as a start-up charge. The properties ofthe granular sucralose product are shown in Tables 11, 12, and 13. FIGS.4 a and 4 b are photomicrographs at two different magnifications of test7 product in Table 11. TABLE 11 Test Test Test Test Test #1 #2 #3 #4 #5Spray Nozzle Location Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Solid Component(neat no no yes yes yes sucralose) added? Liquid Composition (% 50% 50%50% 50% 50% Sucralose) Liquid Component Spray 19-27 19-27 27-20 27-2027-20 Rate (kg/h) Moisture Content (%) 0.1 0.22 0.14 0.24 0.25 LooseBulk Density (g/L) 700 749 772 768 803 Par- On 630 μm screen 0.7 0.6 2.75.4 24.5 ticle (%) Size: On 500 μm screen 0.3 0.5 4.4 14.9 32.1 (%) On400 μm screen 0.7 1.4 11.6 25.9 24.6 (%) On 315 μm screen 2.7 7.6 28.930.3 13.4 (%) On 250 μm screen 8.9 16.6 27 15.2 3 (%) On 125 μm screen71.1 65.4 23.6 7.3 1.4 (%) Thru 125 μm 13.4 7.1 0.9 0.6 0.2 screen (%)Test Test Test Test Test #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 Spray Nozzle Location BottomBottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Solid Component (neat yes yes no no nosucralose) added? Liquid Composition (% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Sucralose)Liquid Component Spray 27-20 27-20 27-20 27-20 27-20 Rate (kg/h)Moisture Content (%) 0.21 0.29 0.33 0.2 0.18 Loose Bulk Density (g/L)813 805 820 835 838 Par- On 630 μm screen 29 34.9 46.5 53.8 59.9 ticle(%) Size: On 500 μm screen 23.4 17.3 19.4 22.8 24.2 (%) On 400 μm screen14.7 13 17.4 14.8 10.4 (%) On 315 μm screen 10.9 17.4 11.8 5.9 3.3 (%)On 250 μm screen 7.7 9.6 2.6 1.1 0.9 (%) On 125 μm screen 9 4.3 1.4 0.70.9 (%) Thru 125 μm 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 screen (%)

TABLE 12 Test Test Test Test Test #3.1 #3.2 #3.3 #3.4 #3.5 Spray NozzleLocation Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Solid Component (neat 8.4-10.7  8.4-10.7  8.4-10.7  8.4-10.7  8.4-10.7 sucralose) Addn. Rate(kg/h) Liquid Composition (% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Sucralose) LiquidComponent Spray Rate 20.0-23.5 20.0-23.5 20.0-23.5 20.0-23.5 20.0-23.5(kg/h) Moisture Content (%) 0.17 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.19 Loose Bulk Density(g/L) 742 706 644 639 698 Particle On 630 μm screen 60.9 32.2 15 12.622.7 Size: (%) On 500 μm screen 10.3 8.5 10.8 14 17 (%) On 400 μm screen6.3 8.5 15.6 19.7 13.5 (%) On 315 μm screen 6.7 12.6 27.8 28.5 13.9 (%)On 250 μm screen 4.9 11.3 14.7 10.4 8.1 (%) On 125 μm screen 5.5 19.113.3 9 12.1 (%) Thru 125 μm screen 0.5 0.4 2.3 1.1 1.6 (%) Test TestTest Test Test #5.1 #5.2 #5.3 #5.4 #6.1 Spray Nozzle Location BottomBottom Bottom Bottom Bottom Solid Component (neat 9.6-7.0 9.6-7.09.6-7.0 9.6-7.0  8.3-10.2 sucralose) Addn. Rate (kg/h) LiquidComposition (% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Sucralose) Liquid Component SprayRate 22-28 22-28 22-28 22-28 13.2-17.0 (kg/h) Moisture Content (%) 0.150.1 0.12 0.1 0.48 Loose Bulk Density (g/L) 655 651 643 640 519 ParticleOn 630 μm screen 8.1 5.3 6.9 17.3 2.4 Size: (%) On 500 μm screen 13.88.8 10.5 24.9 18.5 (%) On 400 μm screen 20.5 13.7 17.7 25.1 37.5 (%) On315 μm screen 26.8 25.6 25 16.6 32.1 (%) On 250 μm screen 11.6 21.5 186.6 2.6 (%) On 125 μm screen 15.2 26.2 19.7 7.1 2.8 (%) Thru 125 μmscreen 2.4 2 2.3 2.3 2.4 (%)

Properties of selected samples from Tables 11 and 12 are shown in Table13. TABLE 13 Mean Particle Sample Size Identity FRI FDI BDI SBI (μm) 3.19849 47.2 48.7 1.20% 811 3.4 7690 41.8 43 1.10% 408 5.2 6514 44.9 46.11.20% 313 5.4 8267 47.3 48.5 1.20% 579 6.1 5959 35.4 36.4 1.10% 213

The flow properties of agglomerated/spray granulated sucralose are verygood compared to other dry forms of sucralose such as neat ormicronized. Table 14 summarizes the flow properties by comparing theangle of repose for selected samples. TABLE 14 Sample Name AOR 1 AOR 2AOR 3 Mean Agglomerated (syrup) PM050007 28 28 29 28 Agglomerated(syrup) PM050013 27 25 27 26 Micronized (as-is) Toll 39 37 35 37 Neat(as-is) H2804B3NTA 35 36 36 36 Micronized (Screened) Toll 45 42 45 44Agglomerated (water) 6919-008 43 45 49 46 Neat (screened) 6919-008 Feed45 47 47 46 Agglomerated (syrup) 200-04/267 test 1 27 28 28 28Agglomerated (syrup) 200-04/267 test 2 31 32 30 31 Agglomerated (syrup)200-04/267 test 6 29 30 31 30 Agglomerated (syrup) 200-04/267 test 9 2632 32 30 Neat (screened) H2804B3NTA 38.25 38.27 37.62 38.05 Agglomerated(water) 6919-010 32.71 30.51 31.49 31.57 Agglomerated (syrup) 6839-063B30 32 32 31.33 Agglomerated (syrup) 6839-064A 29 29 29 29.00Agglomerated (syrup) 6839-067 38 41 39 39.33 Agglomerated (syrup)6839-068C 31 32 29 30.67 Agglomerated (syrup) 6839-069 33 33 30 32.00Agglomerated (syrup) 6839-078 28 29 28 28.33 Agglomerated (syrup)6839-082 30 31 31 30.67 Agglomerated (syrup) 6839-083A 36 33 40 36.33Agglomerated (syrup) 6839-115 28 27 29 28.00 Agglomerated (syrup)6839-117 32 30 29 30.33 Agglomerated (syrup) 6839-122 31 31 31 31.00Agglomerated (syrup) 6839-126A 42 38 38 39.33 Agglomerated (syrup)6839-126B 28 26 28 27.33 Agglomerated (syrup) 6717-141 28 28 29 28.33

The PM050007 and PM050013 samples are those reported in Table 2 (run 7)and Table 4 (run 13), respectively. Sample 6919-008 was micronizedsucralose that had subsequently been subjected to a crystal redefinitionprocess according to the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,720 toSankey, and sample 6919-010 was neat sucralose that had been similarlytreated. The product noted as “screened” was a commercial micronizedsucralose, screened to remove large clumps. The 6839 and 6717 seriesruns all represent neat sucralose that had been agglomerated using aGlatt GPGC-1 unit with 10-50% aqueous sucralose being sprayed from thetop, in a manner similar to the runs of Example 4. FIGS. 5 a and 5 b arephotomicrographs of sample 6839-082 from Table 14, shown at twodifferent magnifications. The granules have formed by agglomeration ofstarting particles, which are still visible, with a relatively smallamount of particle growth mixture. The granules are relatively large,and have an open structure with a large amount of exposed surface area.Due to this large surface area, such granules would be expected to bevery rapidly soluble during formulation into a sweetened product, andthus would be very desirable in commercial use. Despite this, however,they would still be expected to produce very little dusting, an addedadvantage.

The coefficient of variation of the particle size distribution can beused as an indication of the narrowness or breadth of the distribution.A large coefficient of variation indicates a broad distribution ofparticle sizes within the sample, and a small coefficient of variationindicates a narrow distribution. Table 15 summarizes the coefficient ofvariation (given in %) and mean particle size for various sucralosesamples. TABLE 15 Sample C.V. Mean Particle Size (microns) NeatSucralose 57.76 83.81 Micronized Sucralose 78.07 4.05 Sucralose/Water52.76 90.41 Wurster coated Sucralose 32.44 180.55 Top Spray AgglomeratedSucralose 31.38 172.14

The entry marked “Sucralose/Water” is sample 6919-10 from Table 14. The“Wurster Coated Sucralose” sample is from run 7 of Example 2, and the“Top Spray Agglomerated Sucralose” sample is run 13 from Example 3.

As can be seen, the flow properties of sucralose particles can begreatly affected by agglomeration and coating. The methods discussed inthis application can produce sucralose particles with a very narrowparticle size distribution and very good flow properties as shown by theangle of repose and coefficient of variation.

Although the invention is illustrated and described herein withreference to specific embodiments, it is not intended that the subjoinedclaims be limited to the details shown. Rather, it is expected thatvarious modifications may be made in these details by those skilled inthe art, which modifications may still be within the spirit and scope ofthe claimed subject matter and it is intended that these claims beconstrued accordingly.

1. Granules comprising sucralose, each of said granules having an outersurface region thereof comprising solution-coated sucralose.
 2. Thegranules of claim 1, each of the granules further comprising one or morestarting sucralose particles, said outer surface region residing on theone or more starting sucralose particles.
 3. The granules of claim 2,wherein each of the granules comprises a plurality of the startingsucralose particles, and wherein the outer surface region comprisingsolution-coated sucralose bridges the starting sucralose particles,thereby adhering them together and forming the granules.
 4. The granulesof claim 1, wherein a portion of the granules cannot pass through a25-μm screen, said portion having a number average length to diameterratio of at most 2.0 and constituting at least 99 wt % of the granules.5. The granules of claim 1, wherein the granules have a d₅₀ between 800and 2000 μm.
 6. The granules of claim 1, wherein the granules have a d₅₀between 400 and 800 μm.
 7. The granules of claim 1, wherein the granuleshave a d₅₀ between 100 and 300 μm.
 8. The granules of claim 1, whereinthe granules have a moisture content between 0.05 and 1.0 wt %.
 9. Thegranules of claim 1, wherein the granules have a moisture contentbetween 0.1 and 0.5 wt %.
 10. The granules of claim 1, wherein thegranules have an angle of repose between 20° and 50°.
 11. The granulesof claim 1, wherein the granules have a bulk density between 400 and 900g/L.
 12. The granules of claim 1, wherein the granules have a bulkdensity between 600 and 850 g/L.
 13. The granules of claim 1, whereinthe granules have a coefficient of variation less than 35%.
 14. Thegranules of claim 1, wherein the granules have a bulk density between750 and 850 g/L, a d₅₀ value between 100 and 300 μm, and an angle ofrepose from 25μ to 35°.
 15. A method of preparing granules comprisingsucralose, the method comprising: a) fluidizing starting particlescomprising sucralose on a fluidized bed; and b) applying to the startingparticles an aqueous particle growth mixture comprising dissolvedsucralose to produce wet particles comprising solid sucralose with alayer of aqueous sucralose thereon, while simultaneously drying the wetparticles; wherein steps a) and b) are repeated as required such thatbetween 5 and 100% of a total weight of sucralose in the granules isprovided by the aqueous particle growth mixture.
 16. The method of claim15, wherein steps a) and b) are repeated such that the granules producedthereby have a d₅₀ value between 800 and 2000 μm.
 17. The method ofclaim 15, wherein steps a) and b) are repeated such that the granulesproduced thereby have a d₅₀ value between 400 and 800 μm.
 18. The methodof claim 15, wherein steps a) and b) are repeated such that the granulesproduced thereby have a d₅₀ value between 100 and 300 μm.
 19. The methodof claim 15, wherein the dissolved sucralose constitutes substantiallyall of the sucralose in the aqueous particle growth mixture.
 20. Themethod of claim 15, wherein the fluidized bed is a continuous movingbed.
 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the operating temperature ofthe fluidized bed is between 15 and 40° C.
 22. The method of claim 15,wherein the dissolved sucralose constitutes between 0.1 and 65 wt % ofthe aqueous particle growth mixture.
 23. The method of claim 15, whereinthe dissolved sucralose constitutes between 5 and 65 wt % of the aqueousparticle growth mixture.
 24. The method of claim 15, wherein thedissolved sucralose constitutes between 20 and 55 wt % of the aqueousparticle growth mixture.
 25. The method of claim 15, wherein between 25and 50% of a total weight of sucralose in the granules is provided bythe aqueous particle growth mixture.
 26. The method of claim 15, whereinat least 90% of a total weight of sucralose in the granules is providedby the aqueous particle growth mixture.
 27. The method of claim 15,wherein the method is a continuous preparation method in which step a)is performed only once at the beginning thereof, and step b) isperformed continuously thereafter.